Learning and Development Strategies in HRM.

 


Learning and development strategies are crucial if an organization wants a long-term success and growth in today’s changing business landscape. It sets out the workforce capabilities, skills and competencies the organization needs, and how they can developed to ensure a sustainable, successful organization (CIPD, 2023).

"A collection of organized initiatives by an organization aimed at enhancing job-related knowledge, skills, attitudes, and social behavior to attain specific objectives associated with a particular job or role. (Henderson, 2017)"

HRM has evolved significantly over years, expanding beyond its administrative functions to become a strategic driver of organizational success. Among the fundamental roles HRM plays, the emphasis on Learning and Development strategies stands out as a crucial element in fostering employee growth and organizational advancement.

Importance of Learning and Development in HRM.

According to (Symonds, 2023) Learning and Development is one of main responsibilities of the HR department of any organization. The HR manager is often in charge of carrying out Learning and Development activities that consider development at all organizational levels. However, in larger organizations, the development plan for employees may be managed by designated Learning and development position or department.

Learning and development strategies within HRM are vital as they contribute to enhancing employee’s skills, knowledge, and capabilities, aligning them with the organizational targets and goals. Furthermore, Learning and development initiatives cultivate a culture of continuous learning, promoting employee engagement, retention and overall productivity (Aguinis & Kraiger, 2009)

Different Learning Styles in Learning and Development

Several theories support the implementation of effective Learning and development strategies within Human Resource Management. The seven learning styles theory suggests that individuals respond best to different styles of learning, each focusing on one of the five senses or involving a social aspect. Tailoring teaching to these styles can improve efficiency and retention of information (CIPD, 2023).

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1997)  emphasize the importance of observational learning and role modeling in acquiring new behaviors and skills. Applying this theory, HRM can incorporate mentoring programs or job shadowing to facilitate skill transfer and knowledge acquisition among employees.

Furthermore, according to Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory (Kolb, 1984) advocates for learning through concrete experiences, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. Human resource can utilize this framework by introducing workshops, simulations, or on-the-job training that encourage active participation and hands-on learning experiences for employees.

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and Social Cognitive Learning Theory  

Albert Bandura’s, father of cognitive theory emphasizes observational learning and the role of modeling in acquiring behaviors and skills. His Social Cognitive theory has impacted several fields of study, including psychotherapy, social policy, health sciences, and education.  


The Social Learning Theory (SLT) is recognized as a vital aspect of sustainable natural resource management and facilitating positive behavioral changes (Jeffrey & Muro , 2008). This theory underscores that learning occurs through social interactions, where individuals observe and imitate behaviors they perceive, particularly when these observations are positive or tied to rewards (Bandura, 1997). It has emerged as a dominant theory due to its incorporation of key aspects from both behaviorist and cognitive learning theories, encompassing attention, memory, and motivation (Jeffrey & Muro , 2008). Bandura, the theory's proponent, emphasized that direct reinforcement alone couldn't explain all types of learning, advocating for the inclusion of a social element. He argued that people acquire new information and behaviors by observing others. Within this theory, three fundamental principles for learning from each other are outlined.

In today's workplaces, mentorship programs and peer learning initiatives reflect Bandura's theory. Employees learn through observing experienced colleagues, mimicking their actions, and gaining expertise through shared experiences. This theory underpins the effectiveness of role modeling and social interactions in skill acquisition.

Kolb’s Learning Theory

Similarly, Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory highlights the cyclical nature of learning through concrete experiences, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization, and active experimentation. In modern HRM practices, this theory is evident in immersive training workshops, where employees engage in hands-on experiences, reflect on their actions, conceptualize their learning, and apply new insights to their roles. For instance, tech companies often use hackathons or innovation labs, fostering learning by doing and iterative learning cycles, aligning with Kolb's theory (Kolb, 1984)

 

 1. Concrete Experience: a new experience or situation or a reinterpretation of existing experience in the light of new concept.

2. Reflective Observation: learner reflects on new experience in light of their existing knowledge.

3. Abstract Conceptualization: people learned from their past experience.

4. Active Experimentation: the learner applies ideas and trying out what have learned and modifies concepts gives rise to experimental (Mcleod, 2023).   

These theories offer HRM practitioners frameworks to design training programs that cater to diverse learning styles and preferences. By integrating Bandura's emphasis on observation and modeling or Kolb's experiential learning cycles, HRM can create more comprehensive and effective learning experiences tailored to individual employee needs and organizational goals.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Learning and Development strategies play a pivotal role in HRM, contributing significantly to organizational growth and employee satisfaction. By implementing theories like Social Learning and Experiential Learning, HRM can design effective L&D programs. Real-world examples from companies like Google and IBM demonstrate the tangible benefits of investing in robust L&D strategies.

In essence, understanding the theoretical underpinnings is crucial in comprehending human activities. The evolution of educational sciences and psychological theories has significantly contributed to the advancement of learning and development theories. Choosing the right theory is instrumental in strategic planning, guiding specific outcomes. Particularly in the realm of organizational performance, where human capital plays a pivotal role, learning theories play a decisive role in planning strategic training initiatives. Aligning employees' professional growth with company goals is essential for competitive advantage. Continuous education fostered by HRM within the workplace not only develops employees personally and professionally but also boosts organizational productivity. The various learning theories like behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and connectives offer diverse approaches for HRM training implementation. The apt selection or combination of these theories determines a company's success in achieving both present and future objectives (C.L.V & S.L, 2016).

 



References

Aguinis, H. & Kraiger, K., 2009. Benefits of Training and Development for Individuals and Teams, Organizations, and Society.. Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 60, pp. 451-474.

Bandura, A., 1997. Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs : NJ: Prentice Hall.

C.L.V, T. & S.L, B., 2016. Learning, development, and training: The influence of synergies through educational evolution.. International Journal of Adult Vocational Education and Technology, 7(4), pp. 85-104.

CIPD, 2023. Explore how to create and implement a learning and development strategy and policy to support organisational performance. [Online]
Available at: https://www.cipd.org/en/knowledge/factsheets/strategy-development-factsheet/
[Accessed 13 December 2023].

CIPD, 2023. What are the 7 different learning styles and do they work?. [Online]
Available at: https://www.avadolearning.com/blog/the-7-different-learning-styles-and-what-they-mean/#:~:text=These%20are%20split%20into%20spatial,5%20percent%20are%20kinaesthetic%20learners.
[Accessed 16 December 2023].

Henderson, M., 2017. What works and why? Student perceptions of ‘useful’ digital technology in university teaching and learning. studies in Higher Education, 42(8), pp. 1-13.

Jeffrey , P. & Muro , M., 2008. A critical review of the theory and application of social learning in participatory natural resource management processes. Journal of environmental planning and management , 51(3), pp. 325-344.

Kolb, D. A., 1984. Experiential Learning: Experience As The Source Of Learning And Development. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

Mcleod, S., 2023. Kolb’s Learning Styles And Experiential Learning Cycle. [Online]
Available at: https://www.simplypsychology.org/learning-kolb.html
[Accessed 16 December 2023].

Symonds, C., 2023. What is the Role of HR in Learning and Development (L&D)?. [Online]
Available at: https://factorialhr.com/blog/learning-and-development/#what-hr
[Accessed 13 December 2023].

 

 

Comments

  1. Yes there are different learning methodologies but it is essential to select the proper model according to the employees. Learning theories is important. However Before designing any training program, HRM should first identify the learning styles of employees. This can be done through assessments or surveys. Understanding the learning styles of employees can help training managers change their training style.

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    1. Absolutely, I completely agree. Tailoring learning methodologies to suit the diverse learning styles of employees is crucial for effective training outcomes. Recognizing and aligning with various learning theories is fundamental, but the real value lies in HRM's ability to ascertain the specific learning styles of their workforce. By utilizing assessments or surveys to understand these styles, training managers can adeptly adapt their approaches, ensuring that the training programs resonate and cater to individual preferences, ultimately maximizing the impact of the learning experience.

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  2. Agreed. Also it is important to understand that there are different types of learners which is denoted through the VARK learning styles where some employees may prefer Visual, Audio, Reading/Writing and Kinesthetic or at time a combination of a few of there learning styles. Hence, it is important to cater to a majority of the learning styles when either organizing or offering trainings from L&D.

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    1. Absolutely Rushini, recognizing diverse learning styles, as illustrated by the VARK model, is crucial in designing effective training programs. Tailoring content to encompass Visual, Audio, Reading/Writing, and Kinesthetic preferences ensures a more inclusive and impactful learning experience for a broader spectrum of employees. Adapting training methodologies to accommodate various learning styles significantly enhances engagement and knowledge retention, fostering a more dynamic and comprehensive learning environment within L&D initiatives.

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  3. Thanks for the share. While many learning theories exist , I feel no one theory would address an organization's learning requirements as a whole and it would have to be tailor made according to the organizations need at the time.

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    1. Absolutely true Rehana. Learning theories offer valuable frameworks, but their universal application to address an organization's diverse learning needs might fall short. Customizing a learning approach according to specific organizational requirements at any given moment seems imperative. It's about amalgamating the best aspects of various theories and adapting them to create a tailored learning strategy that best suits the organization's dynamic needs and goals.

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  4. Learning and Development is one of the key responsibilities of HR section in every company. Many of the larger organizations, the development plan for personnel is managed by a selected L&D position or department (Rao, 2016).

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    Replies
    1. Absolutely, Learning and Development (L&D) stands as a core responsibility within HR across companies. In larger organizations, dedicated L&D positions or departments play a pivotal role in crafting and managing personnel development plans, ensuring a structured approach to employee growth and skill enhancement.

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  5. You have taken a valuble topic of current period. A learning and development (L&D) strategy outlines how an organisation develops its workforce's capabilities, skills and competencies. It’s a key part of the overall business strategy.

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    1. Absolutely, Learning and Development (L&D) stands as a core responsibility within HR across companies. In larger organizations, dedicated L&D positions or departments play a pivotal role in crafting and managing personnel development plans, ensuring a structured approach to employee growth and skill enhancement. Thank you Bagya for your valuable comment.

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  6. Agreed. Learning and development is part and partial content of any company. As mangers need mor focus on the same

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  7. That being stated, immediate supervisors must to take the initiative to inquire about their staff members' development objectives. By suggesting learning and development initiatives that might be a suitable fit for their team members, managers can take on a champion role for the professional growth and development of their staff.
    Employees should also be accountable for their own personal growth and learning. Workers should be proactive in looking for and applying to the best learning opportunities for them by determining where they are.

    ReplyDelete

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